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The dynasty had to resort to a strategy of removing all food supplies from the countryside and collecting the peasants into a series of armed stockades. He did not distribute captured wealth or food supplies, nor did he promise to lessen the tax burden. This took place during the Qing Dynasty, and lasted from 1796 to 1804. This book has since become an invaluable source in understanding the beliefs of these groups. Members of the society were not ethnically different from Han Chinese, but subscribed to a belief based on a mixture of Taoism, Buddhism, and Manichaeism. List of battleships of the United States Navy, Articles containing Chinese-language text, Articles incorporating text from Wikipedia, http://www.scribd.com/doc/37359117/Bodycount-Final, http://books.google.com/books?id=Md801mHEeOkC&pg=PA9, History of Chinese Culture on History.com. It is only as historical sources look back upon these events do they began to summarize the various aspects of these uprisings as the "White Lotus rebellion.". Nothing is known of his end. that can be demarcated by a territorial boundary and identified by its distinctive clothing and language. "The Fall of China's Qing Dynasty in 19111912." During the Qing dynasty, inventions continued to emerge despite the turbulent uprisings and conflicts such as the White Lotus Rebellion, the First Opium War, and the Taiping Rebellion. How might this yearning relate co Milton's mention of "the thought of lost happiness" in lines 545554-555455? They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. At the . In the late 18th century, in response to famine, crowded conditions, and harassment from petty government officials, White Lotus leaders in central China began a rebellion; they promised their followers that there would be the return of the Buddha and the end of suffering. Corrections? Forty-eight years later, Zeng Guofan, leader of Hunan-based Xiang Army studied the Qing government's methods during the White Lotus Rebellion and he was inspired by them while he was considering ways to suppress the Taiping Rebellion. Throughout the 1820s and 1830s, the area of the boundary between Henan and Anhui was perpetually plagued by White Lotus revolts, the White Lotus rebels were frequently in league with the area's brigands and salt smugglers. After the strnggle had lasted six years, Lin Chi-hich was captunredd. Althongh there were several risings against the Manchu dynasty during the first four reigns, the White Lotus Society kept quiet until about 1761, when the Emperor Kien-lung issued an edict against it and the Ming Tsuen or Illustrious Worthies and the Pah Yun or White Cloud sects. Surprisingly, the ill-organized rebels managed to defeat the inadequate and inefficient Imperial forces. This rebellion wasn't the direct down fall of the Qing dynasty. They are not like some external tribe . The Cult of the White Lotus, a secret revolutionary society, has once again become popular among the common people. ThoughtCo, Aug. 27, 2020, thoughtco.com/fall-of-the-qing-dynasty-195608. These militia groups were later instrumental in defeating the Taiping rebellion. 12 talking about this. White Lotus Rebellion, (1796-1804), large-scale uprising in the mountainous regions of central China that contributed to the decline of the Qing dynasty (1644-1911/12). The White Lotus bands mainly used guerrilla tactics, and once they disbanded, they were virtually indistinguishable from the local population. Alternate titles: Bailianjiao, Pai-lien chiao, San Jos State University - The White Lotus Religion in China. id The Qing believed that the way to avoid the errors of the White Lotus rebellion was to clamp down on foreign influence. After both died in battle in 1796, the Qing government sent new officials, but none were successful. The rebellion began in 1794, when large groups of rebels claiming White Lotus affiliations rose up within the mountainous region that separated Sichuan province from Hubei and Shaanxi provinces. The White Lotus peasant rebellion broke out in 1795 (White Lotus was the name of a secret society that had first fought against the Mongols). It was an organized religion, which was once popular in Yuan Dynasty. He did not distribute captured wealth or food supplies, nor did he promise to lessen the tax burden. Approximately 7,000 Banner troops were sent in from Manchuria in combination with Green Standard Army soldiers from Guizhou and Yunnan as well as tens of thousands of local mercenaries.[6]. Issues and Trends in China's Demographic History. 2019Encyclopedia.com | All rights reserved. By 1387, after more than 30 years of war, their leader, Zhu Yuanzhang conquered the North China Plain and occupied the Yuan capital Khanbaliq (present-day Beijing). "Tianlijiao ", in. Motivated by millenarian Buddhists who promised the immediate return of the Buddha, it erupted out of social and economic discontent in the impoverished provinces of Hubei, Shaanxi, and Sichuan (including modern Sichuan and Chongqing). How did the Rebellion impact Qing society? [citation needed], For the 14th-century rebellion also related to the White Lotus, see, Last edited on 14 February 2023, at 03:10, "Civilians Go into Battle: Hired Militias in the White Lotus War, 17961805", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_Lotus_Rebellion&oldid=1139241640, Dai, Yingcong. 11-07-2011 03:30:12 ZULU. [2][3]. Though many movements and rebellions were considered by imperial bureaucrats to have been led by White Lotus Society leaders, there is reason to doubt that the White Lotus Society had any organizational unity. Although the rebellion was finally crushed by the Qing government after eight years of fighting, it marked a sharp decline in the strength and prosperity of the Qing dynasty. The White Lotus bands mainly used guerrilla tactics, and once they disbanded were virtually indistinguishable from the local population. Some of these militia groups were further trained as attack armies to seek out the rebels, whose forces were thinned by offers of amnesty to the rank and file and of rewards for the capture of the leaders. Though he passed through an area inhabited by almost a million peasants, his army never measured more than four thousand soldiers, many of whom had been forced into service. The tide of the rebellion was turned by Qing leaders relying on the local gentry-raised private militias of Hunan, Hubei and Shaanxi. Administrators also seized and destroyed sectarian scriptures which were used by the religious groups. The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. . Vast sums of money earmarked for the campaign against the rebels, however, were embezzled by the imperial favourite Heshen and his friends. Unable to build up a support base, he was forced to quickly flee all three cities that he attacked in order to evade government troops. [12] The experience of suppressing the rebellion led to improvement in the organization and training of the militia, as many of their leaders wrote extensively on mobilization, enlistment and local defense methods. Save up to $6,685 on one of 9 used Lotus Evora 400s in Frisco, TX. "Issues and Trends in China's Demographic History." Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Actual participation in sect activities had no impact on an arrest; whether or not monetary demands were met, however, did. [1] A smaller precursor to the main rebellion broke out in 1774, under the leadership of the martial-arts and herbal-healing expert Wang Lun in Shandong province of northern China. //