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A few minutes after Matt leaves, Ellen hears a noise and goes outside. Shepherdess walking with spindle in hand. Now Jethro, Moses' father-in-law, had taken Zipporah, Moses' wife, after he had sent her home, along with her two sons. Each issue of Biblical Archaeology Review features lavishly illustrated and easy-to-understand articles such as: Fascinating finds from the Hebrew Bible and New Testament periods, The latest scholarship by the world's greatest archaeologists and distinguished scholars, Stunning color photographs, informative maps, and diagrams, Reviews of the latest books on biblical archaeology, 45+ years of Biblical Archaeology Review, 20+ years of Bible Review online, providing critical interpretations of biblical texts. And, dare I say it, Rashi is the biggest culprit. Technically a shepherd is different than a sheepherder, although they share some of the same duties. How to Train Your Dragon: The Hidden World. 25) being identified with Jethro by interpreting his name either as "he who abandoned idolatry" or as "who fattened calves for the sake of sacrifices to the [1] Oded Borowski, Every Living Thing (1998), p. 45. And it came to pass, because the midwives feared God, that God made households for them a reference to both material goods and to children. When necessary he moved his sheep away from home base to distant fields, camping out until bad weather brought herds and shepherds home. The All-Access membership pass is the way to get to know the Bible through biblical archaeology. Reuel was his proper name, and is indeed the first (designated) mention of him Exodus 1:18. He believes that God knows far more than he, and . Access to water was a source of contention (Genesis 26:12-33). While the Masoretic tradition assumes that they are themselves Hebrew women, this is by no means clear. They put these words in Jethros mouth: I have served many idols; there is no god I have not served; but none can compare to the God of Israel. To emphasize his worth, he is compared to Esau. The last of the great Cecil B. DeMille epics, and a remake of his own 1923 silent film of the same name, this 1956 film from Paramount tells the biblical story of Moses and the Exodus.. Moses (Charlton Heston) and Rameses (Yul Brynner) are in a Love Triangle with Nefretiri (Anne Baxter), whom Moses might have won, had the matter of injustice to Hebrew slaves not come up. I have seen how my people are suffering as slaves in Egypt, and I have heard them beg for my help because of the way they are being mistreated. There are many checks and balances that have gone into making copies of manuscripts and checking them against one another. Surely this is a task he would entrust to women from another ethnic identity? Apparently, Hobab was a common Midianite name, and it was needful to distinguish this particular tribal member from the others sojourning with the nation of Israel. When Moses told Jethro of all the miracles done for the Israelites by Yhwh, Jethro, rejoicing, exclaimed, "Now I know that the Lord is greater than all gods . He never thinks of taking advantage of his position as first counselor to the great leader Moses. 18When Jethro's daughters returned home, their father asked, Why have you come back so early today?, 19They answered, An Egyptian rescued us from the shepherds, and he even watered our sheep and goats., 20Where is he? Jethro asked. Jethro is spelled Jether in the Masoretic text at Exodus 4:18. [2] In Exodus, Moses' father-in-law is initially referred to as "Reuel" (Exodus 2:18) but afterwards as "Jethro" (Exodus 3:1). Moses is also wrong for agreeing to this condition (idolatryno circumcision for one son), but the Midianites presented this condition. Gershom means "sojourner there.". Having fled to Midian, Moses intervened in a water-access dispute between Jethro's seven daughters and the local shepherds; Jethro consequently invited Moses into his home and offered him hospitality. For most, he is considered to have converted to the Jewish faith. A sheepherder decided when to move the herds and found suitable grazing. Reuel means "friend of God." This cant be as Jewish community had not been larger than 100.000. These events take place in the Torah portion Yitro (Exodus 18:120:23). Sorry Paul, but for me the Zohar and most of the other rabbinic writings (excluding Maimonides) are little short of fairy tales. Jacob and his sons must have passed on this knowledge to their descendants while in captivity, but was it retained and carried out into the wilderness after the first Passover? After some 40 years of caring for Jethros flocks in the vicinity of Mount Horeb (Sinai), Moses was summoned by Jehovah back to Egypt, and he returned with his father-in-laws good wishes.Ex 2:15-22; 3:1; 4:18; Ac 7:29, 30. In the synopsis for the new episode, everything is directly tied back to Emily Fornell's overdose . No one would ever accuse him of nepotism. Biblical maps from antiquity show Midian on both locations. The story (and the chapter) ends with Pharoahs decree repeated, but this time he broadens his audience from the midwives to the whole people: And Pharaoh charged all his people, saying: Every son that is born you shall cast into the river, and every daughter you shall save alive (1:22). The rabbis identify Putiel with Jethro and give two homiletical interpretations of the name, one praiseworthy and the other . Then Zipporah took a flint and cut off the foreskin of her son and cast it as his feet, and she said surely you are a bridegroom of blood to me. But my mother has a feeling he got another one in the course of For the purposes of this blog we will avoid going too deep into every side of the debate as that is the area of biblical scholars and unnecessary for the average person who is simply seeking answers. Thats an anachronism, if ever there was. They cried out for help, 24(A) and God heard their loud cries. After Moses and the Israelites had crossed the Red Sea Jethro went to Moses with the latter's wife and two sons ( Exodus 18:1-5 ). Shifra and Puah disobey the Royal decree, because , the text tells us, they feared/revered God. The first is that Reuel is simply another name for Jethro, much like Jacob also being named Israel (both of which were used interchangeably). Ellie May and Jethro having children would be incest. He is mentioned three times in the Pentateuch, once in the Prophets and in numerous places in rabbinic literature. Clearly the work of a shepherdess, though less extensive than that of a sheepherder, was important. He did not forget the promise he had made to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, 25and because he knew what was happening to his people, he felt sorry for them. http://wol.jw.org/en/wol/d/r1/lp-e/1200002454 Read Elie Wiesels essay on Jethro in the Bible as it originally appeared in Bible Review, June 1998.Ed. When Moses showed up in Midian and admitted to Jethro that he was fleeing from Pharaoh, Jethrowho was an advisor to Pharaoh at the . In times when local grass was insufficient, men took the herds further afield. The following sons may serve God in heaven." Moses accepted. Rachel was a shepherdess before she married Jacob who became a sheepherder. It built her strength and health. 02 Mar 2023 18:01:11 Bible Review's Supporting Roles by Elie Wiesel. Following this event, it was Jethro who encouraged Moses to appoint others to share in the burden of ministry to the nation Israel by allowing others to help in the judgment of smaller matters coming before him. His people were destroyed because of their corruption except for the believers. When Jacob met Rachel at the well, he questioned why all the sheep were laying around rather than being watered. Some suppose that he was father to Hobab, who was also called Jethro, a likely possibility. mentioned already those 600.000 soldiers Moses recruited I figured out that the community must have been then more than 4 Mio (old, young, females). He was made to work for seven years for It took the work of the baalei hamesorah, groups of scholarly scribes working from about the 7th to the 10th century CE to finally standardise the grammar of the text its vowels, the breaks (verses and paragraphs), the accenting/cantillation marks. I feel sorry for them. The author of more than 30 novels, plays and profiles of Biblical figures, Elie Wiesel received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1986. Regular or occasional unmannerly treatment of young women at the wells, and the heavy stone barricades sealing off some of the water sources certainly presented major difficulties for the shepherdess. The stupefying thing is that Moses accepted! This would make Hobab Moses' brother-in-law. http://wol.jw.org/en/wol/s/r1/lp-e?q=Jethro&p=par, Go Jethro, give your daughter to [Ah-]Moses http://youtu.be/LbQDudV4ndA , Your email address will not be published. From this interpretation emerged all the midrashim and commentary (and Masoretic vocalisation) that Shifra and Puah were both Hebrew women and of the family of Moses. If you have any questions, please review our Privacy Policy or email us at privacy@biblegateway.com. At the inception of Wiesels Supporting Roles series in Bible Review, BAS editors wrote: We are pleasedand honoredto present our readers with the first of a series of insightful essays by Elie Wiesel, the world-renowned author and human rights advocate. So God let him alone, and she said A bridegroom of blood in regard to circumcision. ,) was a Midianite priest and father-in-law of Moses . Matt says he is fine and wants to go into town looking for the man that tried to hurt Jethro. While he does not challenge the midwives version of the story he extends the diktat to all of the people. Now that we have decided that Reuel and Jethro are one-in-the-same: namely, Moses' father-in-law, we must determine how Hobab is related. [12], It became, however, generally accepted that he had seven names: "Reuel", "Jether", "Jethro", "Hobab", "Heber", "Keni" (comp. Train other capable and worthy men as chiefs over tens, fifties, hundreds, and thousands to decide cases, so that you will hear only what they cannot handle. Moses agreed, and later Jethro returned to his own land.Ex 18:13-27. [4] Her fat-tailed Awassi sheep were raised primarily for milk and meat. He saved them and watered their flocks for them. Nothing is said about a possible trip when they would have been brought back to Midian apart from the group led by Moses. In addition, Kelly was also the childhood best friend of Maddie Tyler while her paternal grandparents were Jackson Gibbs, Ann Gibbs, Joann Fielding and Mac Fielding. In all seriousness, I thought I had heard that Aaron suggested that Arent there enough of us enslaved already? So Moses sent his family back to Midian. Now I know that the Lord is greater than all the gods; for in the very thing in which they behaved proudly, He was above them". Most solutions take account of this. August 2, 2013 Dig into the illuminating world of the Bible with a BAS All-Access membership. Character information Job 1:2: 'There were born to him [Job] seven sons and three ; Nonetheless, the general impression of the man is that he is better than good; he is glorious. And the children of the Kenite, Moses' father in law, went up out of the city of palm trees with the children of Judah into the wilderness of Judah, which lieth in the south of Arad; and they went and dwelt among the people. Jethro is called a priest of Midian and became father-in-law of Moses after he gave his daughter, Zipporah, in marriage to Moses.He is introduced in Exodus 2:18.. Jethro is recorded as living in Midian, a territory stretching along the eastern edge of the Gulf of Aqaba, northwestern Arabia.Some believe Midian is within the Sinai Peninsula.Biblical maps from antiquity show Midian on both locations. Kelly Gibbs (1982 - February 25, 1991) was a young girl who was the daughter of former Marine-turned-NIS/NCIS Special Agent, Leroy Jethro Gibbs and civilian Shannon Gibbs. Pearl is Jethro's mother. Here's everything we know. "[31] Jethro (Heb. Jethro's last name is Bodine. And when he leaves his father-in-law, along with his wife and children, he puts them on a donkey (Ex 4:20), giving the obvious impression that they were still very young, implying that Moses had not spent many years in Midian. (iii) Priest of Midian and The 7 Daughters Exodus 2:16 Explained. After her husband Machlon died without . In Numbers 10:29 (ESV) we read "And Moses said to Hobab the son of Reuel the Midianite, Moses' father-in-law" but then Judges 4:11 (ESV) reads: "Now Heber the Kenite had separated from the Kenites, the descendants of Hobab the father-in-law of Moses". At first glance, this verse seems to indicate Jethro was a Kenite. Tending the family herd was reserved primarily for girls, and they continued this work until married at age fifteen or sixteen. Jethro Name Origin: Hebrew Pronunciation: j (e)-th-ro See what 2 people think about Jethro Popularity Alternatives Lists Comments Ask your friends & family about Jethro Jethro Name Popularity How popular is the name Jethro? Royalty-free Creative Video Editorial . "[26][27] According to Druze belief, Moses was allowed to wed Zipporah, the daughter of Jethro, after helping save his daughters and their flock from competing herdsmen. ", Tektonics,http://www.tektonics.org/lp/mosdad.html. He speaks only when asked. In fact, Moses appears furious and half-naked in the center of the composition, while raging on the bodies of his rivals. In the TV series NCIS, Gibbs' wife Shannon witnessed a murder by a Mexican drug lord. She is Peter Obi's sister. by abundant, As you were reading Exodus 2 and 3 you may have noticed something that appears to be a discrepancy in the naming of Moses' father-in-law. The baby is the centre of the story here, but there are three women who contrive to save his life, two of whom we will later learn are Yocheved his mother and Miriam his sister. Wiesel is best known for his numerous books on the Holocaust and for his profiles of Biblical figures and Hasidic masters. Shifra (from the root ) means something along the lines of beauty/clarity but the root also gives us the noun shofar the horn that is blown to call to attention. [20][21] Each year on 25 April, the Druze gather at the site in a holiday known as Ziyarat al-Nabi Shuayb to discuss community affairs and commemorate the anniversary of Jethro's death with singing, dancing and feasting. Jethro was most likely Moses brother-on-law. Jethro is a character in The Prince of Egypt. The book of the pentaeuch do not fix together and are just written by several authors in and after the Exile. (Nu 10:29) Jethro may have been a title, whereas Reuel was a personal name. (Ex 18:1-12) The next day, Jethro observed Moses listening to the problems of the Israelites from the morning till the evening. Perceiving how exhausting this was for both Moses and the people, Jethro suggested a system of delegating authority. When, after his meeting with God in the wilderness, he returns to Egypt to confront Pharaoh and demand the release of the Hebrews, his life is once again in danger, it is Zipporah who saves him. R. xxvii. At the top right, in front of a strip of sky, stands a row of houses. (as Cecil B. de Mille) Writing Credits Cast (in credits order) verified as complete Produced by Music by Elmer Bernstein Cinematography by Loyal Griggs . Some scholars speculate that Rebekah and Leah were also shepherdesses. But this neat arrangement of 40 (Egypt) 40 (Midian) 40 (desert)=120 is in part challenged in the book of Exodus. Moses saw that the bush was on fire, but it was not burning up. Moses : Let them be first whose hands have drawn the water. He is also considered an ancestor of the Druze;[8] as is expressed by such prominent Druze as Amal Nasser el-Din,[28] and according to Salman Tarif, who was a prominent Druze shaykh, this makes the Druze related to the Jews through marriage. The correlation simply does not ring true. On the other hand, this is the Hebrew for "brother-in-law":it sounds like this:n. The next morning, after a sleepless night, Ellen notices that Matt looks pale and sick. This has been quite the point of contention, but is quite simply solved. Invite him to eat with us., 21Moses agreed to stay on with Jethro, who later let his daughter Zipporah marry Moses. So, how come they were in Midian? The Pharaoh himself is mentioned in Ezekiel 29:3 as a mighty dragon sprawling in your channels. In this view the Pharaohs power derives from the crocodile god Sobek with the Nile being its dominion. [1] She was the second wife of Moses, and the mother of Gershom. We can learn about the society where the ancient Israelites, and later Jesus and the Apostles, lived through the modern discoveries that provide us clues. (Ex 3:1; Jg 1:16) Jethro is also called Reuel. In the dangerous world of a Pharaoh determined to suppress the Israelite population by killing every male child not only has a baby but hides him for three months, before making a vessel of bulrushes and placing the child in it to be caught in the reeds at the rivers edge. To be sure, Jethro is shown in a positive light. Jacob managed large flocks that belonged to others along with his own animals. In the first, when Jethro offers his daughter Zipporah to Moses, Jethro tells Moses: She will be your wife, but on one conditionyour first son will be consecrated to idolatry. Notice how, in the original Hebrew manuscripts the small markings above and below would not have existed leaving both words identical. Shifra & Puah, midwives of our history. Many people in town realize what he did and they were angered. However, this would also force the character called Hobab into the role of Moses' father-in-law, which while seeming to work just fine raises difficulties later on when considering that Hobab is recorded as staying with the Israelites as a guide after their exodus from Egypt while Jethro is recorded as returning home. Also in the Zohar (1:93b) that borrows a tradition from the Midrash Aggada on Exodus 4:24, about the bizarre incident in which Yahweh attempts to kill Moses, involves an angel which assumes the form of a serpent and swallowed up Moses from his head to his covenant [of circumcision, i.e., his phallus] (The Zohar, vol. Bodelian Library, Oxford, MS Bodley 2708, Folio 39VA good man? Why did you leave him out there? Only a fool will allow themselves to be used I am the daughter of one of your elites, & elites don't fight themselves. 23After the death of the king of Egypt, the Israelites still complained because they were forced to be slaves. Hobab was probably Mosess nephew. This is a possibility that can be conjoined with the first option (Reuel and Jethro being two names for the same individual). Targ. It prepared her for marriage and independence from her family. However, the rabbis BLAME Jethro (and Zipporah in some cases) in the midrash of which Wiesel speaks. Because they were women? Parashat Shemot names some strong women without whom Moses would not havesurvived. Shifra and Puah, whose names describe beauty, are also women who radiate morality and who call us to arms, to fight for what is right. United States. The stupefying thing is that Moses accepted! In the KJV translation of Judges 4:11, a man named Hobab appears as Moses' father-in-law, while Numbers 10:29 makes him "the son of Raguel [Reuel] the Midianite, Moses' father in law". Whether or not "Jethro" was actually a title is not important to the issue, though it could explain why the two names are introduced for one man without any explanation. Through them and through others like them we see that God is not just ours, but is a universal God with whom we Jews have a particular relationship (as other have a particular, and different relationship). But, asks the midrash, was Jethro motivated by love of God or by fear of a divine force so powerful as to rescue the Israelites from their enemies? The Ten Commandments (1956) Full Cast & Crew See agents for this cast & crew on IMDbPro Directed by Cecil B. DeMille . [7], Last edited on 31 December 2022, at 17:44, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Moses_Defends_Jethro%27s_Daughters&oldid=1130728719, This page was last edited on 31 December 2022, at 17:44. Did the Ancient Israelites Think Children Were People. names were rachel and Leah. Jethro Tull, musician. From everything else we know about Miriam and Yocheved, they were not rewarded materially, nor did they become the heads of households. Dig into more than 9,000 articles in the Biblical Archaeology Societys vast library plus much morewith an All-Access pass. History [ edit] [6], The dating to about 1523 is linked to the coloristic affinities with the Marriage of the Virgin, in the Basilica of San Lorenzo, even if Goldschmidt and Pevsner suggested a slightly later dating, perhaps of the Roman period. I have seen how my people are suffering as slaves in Egypt, and I have heard them beg for my help because of the way they are being mistreated. They split after she had their daughter, Skylar because he was texting other girls. The next thing we know is that Moses, having killed an Egyptian taskmaster for hurting an Israelite man, is fleeing for his life from the anger of Pharaoh, and now we meet seven more unidentified women the seven daughters of Reuel, priest of Midian. 18 When Jethro's daughters returned home, their father asked, "Why have you come back so early today?" 3This is strange! he said to himself. When Moses said to Jethro, "Give me your daughter Tzipporah as a wife", Jethro answered, "If you do what I ask of you, I will give her to you as a wife." Moses said: "What do you ask?" Jethro replied: "Your first son must serve idolatry. Moses would not have entreated an 80 year old man, Reuel (one who was in need of the strength and vigor to drive away desert dwelling Bedouins competing for water) to be a scout for Israel. They call him Ger shel emeta genuine convert or a convert to the truth. The name Puah is likely also to mean to shine/beauty but neither of these names is easy to translate or to mine meaning from or even identity from. Feature films On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. The second idea is that Reuel could be the father of the clan (or household) and the daughters of Jethro were, therefore, attributed to Reuel. Invited by Moses to join the newly created nation, Jethro gracefully declines by invoking his obligations to his own family and tribe in the land of Midian (Numbers 10:2930). Here is your ticket to join us as we discover more and more about the biblical world and its people. Let's tackle who Reuel is first. [1] It depicts the Biblical episode when Moses defended the seven daughters of Jethro, who would be his father-in-law. Brothers Van and Jethro round out the clan; On television's JAG, Rear Admiral Albert Jethro Chegwidden answered to A.J. From a modern perspective we need to ask why the tradition chooses to narrow down how the text is read so that named and autonomous Egyptian women become Hebrew women whose introduction to us is only in relation to the men. ATS Bible Dictionary. After working fourteen years for Laban as a sheepherder, Jacob established his own home and engaged in semi-nomadic herding. Yes, I agree that Jethro knew Jehovah, he was a descendant of Abraham through his wife Keturah. After the Battle at Rephidim against the Amalekites, word reached Jethro that under Moses' leadership the Israelites had been delivered out of Egypt, so he set out to meet with Moses. Daughters Draw Drew Father's Fill Filled Flock Midian Mid'ian Priest Seven Troughs Water Exodus 2 1. Moses wasnt even Jewish, but he was Israelite, of which Judahites (later Jews) were a tribe, then more or less a nation (Judah). 16 the seven daughters of Jethro, the priest of Midian,[ a] came up to water their father's sheep and goats. [30] The Israeli Druze also have a folktale called "Jethro's revenge on the [Sunni Muslim] inhabitants of the village of Hittin. It denotes one who possesses virtuous qualities, a fitting description of a man who was a priest (chieftain) of a tribe, and who had a reverence for God (see Exodus chapter 18, where, associated with this title, he acknowledges Gods deliverance, seeks to find out more about Him, brings a sacrificial offering with him on his road trip to Moses, praises His name, Yahweh, and offers the sacrifice he brought, eating it with Moses, Aaron, and the elders of Israel). The reclining figure in the foreground, with the violent foreshortening, will be an important source of inspiration for the Florentine Mannerists, such as Bronzino. However, Judges 4:11 (ESV) says that Hobab is the father-in-law of Moses! Depending on the vowels we can either read the words as to the Hebrew midwives or as to the midwives of the Hebrew women (grammatical point whether there is a patach under the lamed and a dagesh in the mem or a chirik under the lamed and no dagesh). 4, p.383). One of these women will shortly be named as she is given to Moses for a wife Zipporah. His name, Eliezer, means . PUTIEL. After a dearth of women in the last sidra, the beginning of the book of Exodus simply teems with them. He had the knowledge and experience to build and handle herds numbering many thousands of animals. So why was the agency of two righteous gentile women erased in this way? His conduct suggests at least a deep respect for the God of Moses and Israel.Ex 18:10-12.